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John Baker Holroyd, 1st Earl of Sheffield

Noble 1735-12-21 – 1821-05-30 English Main: Meath economist military politician writer John Baker Holroyd Sheffield, earl of, 1735-1821 (viaf) John Baker Holroyd, 1st Earl of Sheffield (wikidata)

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  1. Observations on the Commerce of the American States has translation author

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Having served in the Army until 1763, he travelled for a while on the continent where he became close friends with the writer and historian Edward Gibbon, the later author of 'The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' (1776–89).

In 1783, he published his opinions on the state of trade and commerce between Great Britain and its former colony, America. The pamphlet 'Observations on the Commerce of the American States' (1783), which ran to six editions, made a comparative analysis of exports and imports between the two countries. It was written in opposition to the bill introduced by William Pitt in 1783, proposing to relax the navigation laws in favour of the United States. Pitt abandoned the proposal after it received considerable opposition. Gibbon later remarked that in the Observations, "[t]he Navigation act, the Palladium of Britain, was defended, and perhaps saved, by his pen; and he proves, by the weight of fact and argument, that the mother-country may survive and flourish after the loss of America".